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TIME: Almanac 1995
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<text id=93AT0025>
<title>
The Monroe Doctrine
</title>
<history>
Compact ALMANAC--United States Federal Directory
Documents Of American History
</history>
<article>
<source> </source>
<hdr>
The Monroe Doctrine
December 2, 1823
</hdr>
<body>
<p>Extracts from President Monroe's Seventh Annual Message
to Congress
</p>
<p> ...At the proposal of the Russian Imperial Government, made
through the minister of the Emperor residing here, a full power
and instructions have been transmitted to the minister of the
United States at St. Petersburg to arrange by amicable
negotiation the respective rights and interests of the two
nations on the northwest coast of this continent. A similar
proposal had been made by His Imperial Majesty to the Government
of Grest Britain, which has likewise been acceded to. The
Government of the United States has been desirous by this
friendly proceeding of manifesting the great value which they
have invariably attached to the friendship of the Emperor and
their solicitude to cultivate the best understanding with his
Government. In the discussions to which this interest has given
rise and in the arrangements by which they may terminate the
occasion has been judged proper for asserting, as a principle in
which rights and interests of the United States are involved,
that the American continents, by the free and independent
condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth
not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any
European powers....
</p>
<p> It was stated at the commencement of the last session that a
great effort was then making in Spain and Portugal to improve the
condition of the people of those countries, and that it appeared
to be conducted with extraordinary moderation. It need scarcely
be remarked that the result has been so far very different from
what was then anticipated. Of events in that quarter of the
globe, with which we have so much intercourse and from which we
derive our origin, we have always been anxious and interested
spectators. The citizens of the United States cherish sentiments
the most friendly in favor of the liberty and happiness of their
fellow-men on that side of the Atlantic. In the wars of the
European powers in matters relating to themselves we have never
taken any part, nor does it comport with our policy so to do. It
is only when our rights are invaded or seriously menaced that we
resent injuries or make preparation for our defense. With the
movements in this hemisphere we are of necessity more immediately
connected, and by causes which must be obvious to all enlightened
and impartial observers. The political system of the allied
powers is essentially different in this respect from that of
America. This difference proceeds from that which exists in
their respective Governments; and to the defense of our own,
which has been achieved by the loss of so much blood and
treasure, and matured by the wisdom of their most enlightened
citizens, and under which we have enjoyed unexampled felicity,
this whole nation is devoted. We owe it, therefore, to candor
and to the amicable relations existing between the United States
and those powers to declare that we should consider any attempt
on their part to extend their system to any portion of this
hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the
existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have
not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the Governments
who have declared their independence and maintained it, and whose
independence we have, on great consideration and on just
principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for
the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other
manner their destiny, by any European power in any other light
than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the
United States. In the war between those new Governments and
Spain we declared our neutrality at the time of their
recognition, and to this we have adhered, and shall continue to
adhere, provided no change shall occur which, in the judgment of
the competent authorities of this Government, shall make a
corresponding change on the part of the United States
indispensable to their security.
</p>
<p> The late events in Spain and Portugal shew that Europe is
still unsettled. Of this important fact no stronger proof can be
adduced than that the allied powers should have thought it
proper, on any principle satisfactory to themselves, to have
interposed by force in the internal concerns of Spain. To what
extent such interposition may be carried, on the same principle,
is a question in which all independent powers whose governments
differ from theirs are interested, even those most remote, and
surely none more so than the United States. Our policy in regard
to Europe, which was adopted at an early stage of the wars which
have so long agitated that quarter of the globe, nevertheless
remains the same, which is, not to interfere in the internal
concerns of any of its powers; to consider the government de
facto as the legitimate government for us; to cultivate friendly
relations with it, and to preserve those relations by a frank,
firm, and manly policy, meeting in all instances the just claims
of every power, submitting to injuries from none. But in regard
to those continents circumstances are eminently and conspicuously
different. It is impossible that the allied powers should extend
their political system to any portion of either continent
without endangering our peace and happiness; nor can anyone
believe that our southern brethren, if left to themselves, would
adopt it of their own accord. It is equally impossible,
therefore, that we should behold such interposition in any form
with indifference. If we look to the comparative strength and
resources of Spain and those new Governments, and their distance
from each other, it must be obvious that she can never subdue
them. It is still the true policy of the United States to leave
the parties to themselves, in the hope that other powers will
pursue the same course....
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>